Which of the following best describes the long buccal nerve?

The long buccal nerve is primarily responsible for providing sensory (afferent) innervation to the buccal gingival tissue of the mandibular posterior teeth. This means that it transmits sensory information, such as pain and touch, from the buccal side of the gums in that area. Understanding the correct anatomical function of this nerve is crucial for dental procedures, especially in relation to local anesthesia techniques used in that region.

The long buccal nerve does not serve as an efferent nerve for the muscles of mastication, which is covered by other nerves in the mandibular division. It is not a mixed nerve, as it primarily carries sensory fibers, and it does not supply the anterior teeth, as its distribution is focused on the posterior region. Furthermore, the long buccal nerve does not innervate the lingual gingival tissue; instead, that area is served by another nerve altogether. Thus, recognizing the specific role of the long buccal nerve helps clarify its functional importance in dental practice.